Persons                8,479,562                       Decadal Growth 1991 - 2001:
   Males                   4,316,401                          Persons:   (+) 19.20 %                                      
   Females                4,163,161                         Males    :   (+) 17.47 %
                                                                      Females:   (+) 21.06 %                                
                                     Sex Ratio: 964
Population (0 - 6 years):
                                                       Decadal Growth 1991 - 2001:
   Persons                1,319,393          Persons   :       15.56 %
   Males                      692,272          Males      :       16.04 %
   Females                   627,121         Females   :      15.06 %
    
                                       Sex Ratio: 906

                          Total Geographical information

                                Total area: 51,125 km²
 
1. Hill Area                     : 92.57%
2. Plain Area                  : 7.43%
3. Area Covered By Forest: 63%
3. Longitude 77° 34' 27" East to 81° 02' 22" E
4. Latitude 28° 53' 24" North to 31° 27' 50" N
5. Male                       : % 51.91
6. Female                   : % 48.81
7. Rural Population     : 76.90 %
8. Urban Population    : 23.10 %
9. Literacy Rate         : 65%
10 .Villages               : 15620
11. Cities and Urban Areas: 81
                              Wild resources
(I)        Tiger        2003 245
(ii)        Leopard 2003 2090
(iii)       Elephant 2002 1582
(iv)       Chital  2001 35000
(v)        Musk Dear 2001 160
(vi)       Himalayan Black Bear   2001 375

          Major Peaks (height in m above sea level)
    
                          Gauri Parvat (6590)
                                Gangotri (6614)
                          Panch Chhuli (6910)
                            Nanda Devi (7816)
                              Nanda Kot (6861,
                                    Kamet (7756)
                               Badrinath (7140)
                                    Trishul (7120)
                           Chaukhamba (7138)
                                  Dunagiri (7066)

                             Major Passes
                               Mana (5450)
                            Nitipass (5070)
                           Lipulekh (5122)
                     LumpiaDhura (5650
                                 Water resources
1. The Ganga& its tributaries.
2. The Yamuna its tributaries. 
District Wise Distribution of Population:
Distt Total Population  Rural population  Urban Population  % of urban population
Almora  6,30,446 5,76,497 53,949 8.5
Bageshwar  2,49,453 2,41,650 7,803 3.1
Nanital  7,62,912 4,93,126 2,69,786 35.3
U.S. Nagar  12,34,548 8,31,407 4,03,141 32.6
Pithoragarh  4,62,149 4,06,025 56,124 12.1
Champawat  2,24,461 1,91,727 32,734 17.0
Uttarkashi  2,94,179 2,71,255 22,924 7.8
Chamoli 3,69,198 3,19,613 49,585 13.4
Rudrprayag  2,27,461 2,24,740 2,721 1.1
Tehri 6,04,608 5,46,133 58,475 9.6
Dehra Dun  12,79,083 6,01,965 6,77,118 52.9
Pauri  6,96,851 6,06,629 90,222 13.0
Haridwar  14,44,213 9,98,550 4,45,663 30.8
                                                                           Source: Directorate of Planning
All above information about state natural resources clearly indicating towards nature’s supported environment in all sphere of life in Uttranchal.  It was the part of one of largest Indian state Uttar Pradesh in that era it could not get its share in development as it’s deserved because than political power houses were in plains. But injustice done in past with this hilly land popularly called dev bhomi could be its future, unexplored hydro capacity, hydro-power &virgin pollution free environment, which will be the future high demands commodities in our world. The state has hydro initials of two Major Rivers of nation namely Ganges (Gangotri) and Yamuna (Yamunotri), which are being joined by their tributaries all across the state making this mountainous land, high rich in hydrological resources. In hydro power, it has potential to 15000 Mega watts out of this only 1248MW is explored to date. Pollution level in cities& towns are on high ends in all across the nation, people in future will find difficulty to get pollution free environment around them. Then virgin Uttranchal will be solace place for pollution’s hunted people of nation. To achieve that status in coming era Uttranchal needs followings.
1. Controlled population. As population table shows that 46.69%of Uttranchalis lived in three terrain districts: Haridwar, Dehradun &Uddam Singh nagar, which amounted 16.6% of total area of state. So development to all but little disturbance in natural harmony should be basis of state policies planners.   
2. Special industrials zones. It will limit the pollution prone area in state.
3. Multi levels mini environment friendly hydro power projects. To use threshold level of every natural water resources in the state.
4. Preservation of forests.
5. Keep rivers pollution free. This should be the main agendas of uttranchal for future status in water austerities world.
Uttranchal needs only stick to its rich environmental heritage and try to make all around development keeping coordination with nature, not running after urban centric & blind folded industrialization. The nature has created this holly land to serve special role in future polluted situations.
                                                                              Ms.Prabha                
                                                                     Senior correspondent
                                                                      abcnewsnetwork.com                                      
                                                               e-mail:prabhaabcnews@yahoo.co.in

The Concept of Solar Panels

Solar panels are also known as photovoltaic panels and the atoms that are present in these panels are excited by the action of the sun's energy. These atoms are present in a silicon layer that lies between two panels known as protector panels.

A formation of electric current takes place as a result of the action of the electrons from the aforementioned, excited atoms, and these are then used by a myriad of external devices. The history of solar panels dates back by hundreds of years, when their sole purpose was to heat the water for use in homes. Many-a-times specially shaped mirror is used for the concentration of light onto a tube of oil. Due to this action, there is a heating up of oil and as these heated oil travels through a vat of water, it instantly results in the boiling of this water. The steam that is a resultant of this process of boiling is used to turn a turbine for the generation of electricity.

The History of Solar Panels

It was in the year 1839 that the photovoltaic effect was discovered by Antoine – Cesar – Becquerel, a French physicist. His experiment in this regard involved the placement of an electrolyte cell in an electrolyte solution; two metal electrodes made up the electrolyte cell.

When this device was exposed to sunlight, Becquerel found that the generation of electricity saw a marked increase. It was in 1883 that Charles Fritts coated sheets of selenium with a thin layer of gold and built the first genuine solar cell. Over a period of time many experiment were conducted and discoveries were made when it came to solar cells. Albert Einstein also published his thesis on the photoelectric effect, during this time and also won the Nobel Prize for his research.

It was space satellites that made large scale use of solar electrical energy for the first time. By 1980, the United States of America, produced a solar cell which provided an efficiency of nearly twenty percent, this efficiency was increased to around twenty four percent in the next two decades and currently there are a few companies that are manufacturing solar cells that offer efficiency levels of nearly twenty eight percent

The Working of Solar Panels

Pure silicon forms the basic element of all solar panels as its makes for an ideal platform that aids transmission of electrons. This material is used on the plates that form a solar panel. Solar panels are also created by combining silicon panels with other elements, with negative or positive charges.

The Silicon atoms are exposed to the bombardment of photons when negative plates of solar cells are faced towards the sunlight. Once all free electrons are drawn away from the plates, enough electricity is generated to power various electronic appliances that do not require too much electricity to power them.

Features and Types of Solar Panels

Basically there are three types of solar panels, namely mono-crystalline solar panels, polycrystalline solar panels, and amorphous solar panels. The life expectancy of solar panels depends on the type of solar panels selected by you; generally it’s around twenty years or so.

Solar panels do not require sustained maintenance for their upkeep although; if lead acid batteries are used then they must be checked every six months and topped up with distilled water if required. If you are looking for a solar panel for your needs and do not know what size to go for, then the best way would be to calculate your average consumption of electricity on a daily basis. This would give you a fair idea of what kind of solar panel to go for. In the long run, solar panels will reduce your electricity bill by a long way, and hence the option of using solar energy must be explored in a positive manner.

Sharp Solar – Solar Energy Manufacturer

Solar energy has become increasingly important in today’s world. With fuel prices skyrocketing and other forms of home energy being impractical, solar energy is the Earth's best solution to powering our lives. Solar products are a great way to collect energy from the sun and harness its power to run our households.

Sharp solar products are a great choice in the solar market place. Sharp is the number one manufacturer of solar cells, manufacturing more than its three nearest competitors combined. Sharp solar products are a convenient, safe and economical way to absorb solar energy and convert it into a usable form for household use. Sharp has led the solar industry for over 45 years now, and they have installed solar product systems everywhere from houses to office buildings to even on satellites.

There are four basic parts to the Sharp solar energy production system. The solar modules collect the sun’s rays in their solar cells and convert it into usable energy. The inverter converts the electrical current that s created from DC (direct current) to AC (alternating current), which is the type of electricity used in homes. The Sharp monitor allows you to see how your system is doing in terms of output and performance. The final part of the system, the electric meter, shows you how much power you are using.

In 2003, Sharp introduced their residential solar systems for use in the United States. These systems, used throughout the world before coming to the US, have allowed Sharp to be named the number one solar cell producer in the world every year since 2000. Sharp solar products are now also being produced in a “clean” factory in Memphis, Tennessee, which represents an investment on the part of Sharp into the future of solar power.

Sharp offers their solar power systems for sale through their own Sharp Solar department, or through an independent Sharp Solar Certified Installer. The installers are able to come to your home and help you decide on your own solar energy needs. They then they can quote you a price on the amount of work and materials needed to make your house a solar powered one.

Whether you want to cut down on your energy costs or cut down on damage to the environment, Sharp solar products are a great way to achieve your goals. Solar products are cost effective and, once installed, easy to use and maintain. Solar energy is a great way to reduce your dependence on fossil fuels and other Earth-harming energy sources.

While on your trip in Northern Cyprus, you may be intrigued to know that this is home to some of the most significant turtle housing beaches in the Mediterranean. The two species that live and nest in Northern Cyprus are endangered species. Just about 10% of the loggerhead and 30% of the green turtles in the Mediterranean nest in Northern Cyprus. Bearing in mind that as little as 300-400 green and 2000 loggerhead turtles are likely to live each year in the complete Mediterranean, it is critical that people do all they can to help and protect these near endangered species.

These North Cyprus Marine turtles start their lives on land, where they come out to emerge from eggs, just after 45-60 days of incubation on land and in the sand. When these turtles hatch and emerge they then begin to make the attempt to reach the sea, they swim anxiously out to sea waters where they stay put for the remaining years of their lives, the only break in this would be when a adult female will come to shore and lay her eggs.

It is projected that only one single hatchling out from two thousand will make it and survive to full adult life and maturity. As soon as they are 25-30 years old, and reach 1-2 meters in length, the adult females and males with set out and migrate to waters off nesting beaches to eat and reproduce. For the duration of a nesting season a female lays 3-4 nests, each carrying just about 100 eggs. she will nest every 1-3 years and will always return to the exact same beaches. There is no exact number on how long these marine turtles live but they have been suggested to live up to 160 years old.

They are two species of marine turtles that find themselves nesting in the North Cyprus Mediterranean and they would be the loggerhead, caretta caretta and the green turtle (chelonia mydas) the grand total number of both of these turtles has said to be a estimated 300-400 for the green and 2000 for the logghead females that nest each and every single year. Both of these species of sea turtles are endangered , more so with the green turtles. It has said to be that North Cyprus and Turkey seem to be the only nesting grounds these turtles come to love. There is over 80 beaches along North Cyprus that between may and October and monitored closely for the precious turtle activity.

While on your stay in North Cyprus and wish to see these lovely creatures you may indulge in a boating experience of the shore and see these turtles swimming, and with many places to see at night you might catch a glimpse of these night nesting turtles.

Group of Ecologists and students have been observing and helping to protect these rare animals from extinction for a number of years.

Some general information for you to keep on hand:
Mating time for these turtles is May/June
Hatching time is Aug/Sep
Nesting time is June/July

I hope that by through this article you can take away some general information on sea turtles in North Cyprus. If ever in the area on vacation or stay pay a visit to these wonderful beautiful creatures.

Visitors are welcome to observe this exciting experience!!!

Scrapbooking is all about creative use of paper products. Paper is an all-natural, renewable resource, automatically making it an environmentally friendly medium. Plus, you never need to throw anything away-every little bit of paper can be used to make a scrapbook. Here are some scrapbooking tips from the Abundant Forests Alliance:

1. Start off on the right foot-or the right paper, that is. Look for "acid-free" or "archival" paper, which can protect your scrapbooking materials and fingertips. While paper is a natural, renewable resource, it is also recyclable. Remember to always recycle or use your scraps.

2. Protect those photos. After gathering your photos, make color copies of the originals so you can use them for something else besides your scrapbook.

3. Can't scrap it? Snap it. If you cannot fit a large object in your scrapbook, you can take a photograph of it and include that instead.

4. Save the small stuff. Save small items from special events and day-to-day life, and recycle them in your scrapbook. Using a variety of materials adds personality and texture to every page.

5. Repurpose gift wrapping. Instead of throwing away used wrapping paper or gift bags and tags, include pieces in a holiday or birthday scrapbook as page decorations and colorful reminders.

6. Bring the outside in. Take your kids on a nature walk. Collect items such as leaves, flower petals, bark and pebbles to include in your scrapbook.

7. Celebrate a special newborn. In addition to taking photos of a child's special day, create a scrapbook that honors his or her first day in the world. Recycle that day's newspapers to chronicle world and local events.

8. Create rainy day memories. Initiate a rainy day scrapbook with a scavenger hunt for the kids and ask them to collect items that represent a good day at home, such as a label from a favorite food, a drawing of a favorite toy, or magazine cutouts of words and pictures.

9. Say "I do" to scrapbooking. Whether you are her friend or the bride herself, collect fun items from a wedding to remember the special day. Natural resources include invitations, dried flowers, photos, confetti, dress fabric and ribbons.

10. Remember to recycle. Scrapbooking by its very nature relies on a renewable resource-paper. Paper is also recyclable, so remember to recycle your scraps.

Combine this with a huge increase in equipment costs and maintaining old buildings, along with a certain amount of wear & tear that our harsh climate produces and you have a challenging situation facing the owners of Scotland’s old ancestral homes. Unless they have other income streams independent of the estate, they are facing a grim future. Many owners do indeed now work in other industries and channel those resources into maintaining their properties. Most do a combination of traditional farming and sporting activities, combined now with private lets and other commercial activities. These could include offering castles for rent, marketing the property as a venue for film shoots, weddings, concerts and corporate events.

Fortunately many are located close to wonderful golf courses, so make perfect venues for golfing parties, whilst others allow easy access from major cities so can welcome corporate groups to dine or to hold special events. More rural properties tend to specialise more in the sporting market, although Ackergill Tower, which is located near Wick, is the premier country house operation in Britain and you don’t get much more rural that Caithness. They manage this by offering amazing service, huge amounts of Highland charm and wonderful facilities. Other properties have followed their lead and many now enjoy high occupancy levels.

There are now properties available to suit all incomes and preferences and it has been the saving of many of our fine old homes. The improvements and re-investment that many have made over the last decade is astonishing and the market for private rentals is now very sophisticated, with many properties offering hotel level facilities (swimming pools, tennis courts, spa treatments, broadband internet access, fancy chefs and premier cru wines). The interiors of many have been totally refurbished and additional bathrooms, new kitchens, media rooms etc have been added.

It should be noted that ownership of many of these homes has changed hands over the last decade or so and many that were the old family homes of prominent Scottish families are now owned by admirers of Scotland from all over the world. It is their enthusiasm, energy and most importantly resources that have brought back many properties from the brink of ruin. They have also be sensible to look to the future and many realised early on that only by diversifying into new areas like private rentals and corporate events could they recoup some of their upkeep costs. Indeed many of the homes run at a deficit of around £100,000 a year and this is where new income sources come in handy for their survival.

Of course as Scotland prospers and there is more and more building going on, along with wind farms, electrical masts and other light industry and office developments, many estates have found yet more ways of bringing in much needed funds. However most still use a combination of all or some of the above and many now welcome guests to take over their homes for a family celebration or other event and to live like a laird, without the hassle of actual ownership!

Check out labels like Ecoist, which makes really cute purses and accessories out of repurposed paper and donates part of sales to environmental groups. Not only do they plant a tree when you buy a handbag, but they also have a line of specialty bracelets to help spread the word about global warming, which even come in kid sizes, so you can educate and decorate.

Ecologically sound clothing isn't limited to hemp anymore either. A lot of designers are taking an interest in organic cotton, which is grown without harmful chemicals that not only cause health problems for handlers, but also air and water pollution. Other materials are also gaining poplar use, like soy and paper as well as luxurious silk for the diva in you. Check out Shop Regeneration, who also carries eco-friendly housewares and furnishings. While you browse the site, don't forget about picking something up for the kids, the man in your life or your favorite four-legged friend. And you don't have to feel guilty about shopping, because part of your purchase will go to help environmental organizations.

If your apartment or house is in need of a redecorating, check out furniture that is new to you, rather than fresh off the truck, like at antique stores and thrift shops. If you want to go new, make sure it's made of sustainable materials, which minimize the impact of global warming during production. Earth Friendly Goods carries products and furniture made from sustainable and/or biodegradable materials, like bamboo, hemp, soy and other resources. This site is useful because it goes beyond furniture into household goods, products and the somewhat hard to find vegan-friendly shoes. And what girl can resist shoes?
Beautify your body with Nature Girl products, made from fresh organically grown products on small farms that use alternative pest control methods to prevent harmful chemicals from being released into the air.

Nature Girl donates a part of their profits to groups who work to save the planet. Not only will you help to eliminate the harmful toxins from being released into the atmosphere, you'll be protecting yourself from coming in contact with them too, so your skin really will be as healthy as it looks!

It's hard work to save the planet, but it sure is fun to try, especially when that means you get to do what you do best which is shop.

Let's face it... light pollution and sea turtles just don't go together. Many species are on the verge of extinction... and improper outdoor lighting is a major cause. Not quite sure how this can be? Let's look into this a little further...

Female turtles return to the same area to nest each year. If they return and find bright outdoor lighting, one of two things happens.

1) The female will simply swim on by... essentially removing herself from the breeding population.

2) She lays her eggs, and then several weeks later the hatchlings emerge under cover of darkness and begin their journey to the sea. They've evolved through millions of years to seek out the brightest horizon. This is generally the ocean... with crashing surf and moon and star light reflecting on the water. Unfortunately, if bright lights were installed along with some recent development, the hatchlings emerge and crawl towards the bright lights... and away from the ocean and a chance at survival. These then get run over by cars as they cross streets, wander till exhausted and are eaten by predators or simply roast in their own shells in the heat of the sun. In excess of 80% of hatchlings can die on light polluted beaches.

Many communities have enacted outdoor lighting regulations designed to come to the aid of declining sea turtle populations. These generally require the use of full cutoff fixtures. Full cutoff fixtures simply control the output of light... forcing it down towards the ground where its needed... and preventing it from shining up into the night sky... or horizontally when it can cross property lines... and illuminate turtle nesting beaches.

Starry Night Lights has a greatly expanded selection of turtle friendly outdoor lighting solutions. Working with the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission, they’ve combined the largest selection of full cutoff outdoor lights with “monochromatic” turtle safe lights to offer a number of solutions to communities that border sea turtle nesting areas. They offer bollards, wall packs and pole mounted solutions for businesses and municipalities as well as a huge selection of fixtures for homeowners and condo associations. The combination of full cutoff fixtures and monochromatic lights has been found to be least disruptive to sea turtle hatchlings.

A Few more facts, before we get in to the pollution issues.

We need to get our ocean issues out to our schools and to the public before its to late. There is an old saying and it goes " You dont shit where you eat" and it seems we have forgot about this saying all together. Everyday there are millions of tons of compacted trash being dumped to the bottom of our oceans. The huge trash companies work on the idea of out of site out of mind, and we are fed up with this. Please support save the pacific and any other groups that are trying to preserve our oceans. If we talk loud enough and get enough people behind us maybe we wont have to see what happens after years and years of dumping trash into the sea causes.

So please check out www.savethepacific.org for more information and upcoming events. Also dont forget to check out out line of clothes, and all money collected goes to saving our oceans.

Craig Bullas Save The Pacific Foundation 97 cardiff by the sea ca, 92007

Many people use solar panels, which can be placed on a side of a roof to attract sunlight during the day to heat a small number of rooms and water. Solar panels can be purchased at a number of locations throughout the UK, as well as online. Panels do a great job of helping families and businesses to conserve energy. Hopefully, solar panels will become a part of daily life, in order to prevent the disappearance of natural resources and to maintain energy conservation. In the recent 2006 Budget announcement by Gorden Brown, millions of pounds have been allocated to helping homes and businesses take advantage of renewable energy and the benefits that it brings. This is a welcoming strategy by the government. More and more homes are also attaching mini-wind turbines to their homes to boost the electricity generated by solar panels, British Gas (Centrica) have recently been looking for volunteers to pilot this with.

Developing countries with sunny climates such as Africa are the perfect place to take advantage of this renewable energy especially in rural areas that are not connected to the national grid for electricity. There needs to be a commitment from the G8 and other government around the world in providing funds to achieve this.